Volleyball at the Summer Olympics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Governing body | FIVB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Events | 2 (men: 1; women: 1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Games | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medalists |
Volleyball has been contested as an indoor sport at the Summer Olympic Games since 1964. Beach volleyball was introduced at the 1992 Games, and has been an official Olympic sport since 1996.
Contents |
The history of Olympic volleyball can be traced back to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where volleyball was played as part of an American sports demonstration event. Consideration of its addition to the Olympic program, however, was given only ... after World War II, with the foundation of the FIVB and of some of the continental confederations. In 1957, a special tournament was held at the 53rd IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria, to support such request. The competition was a success, and the sport was officially introduced in 1964. The Olympic Committee initially dropped volleyball for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests.[1]
The volleyball Olympic tournament was originally a simple competition, whose format paralleled the one still employed in the World Cup: all teams played against each other team and then were ranked by wins, set average and point average. One disadvantage of this round-robin system is that medal winners could be determined before the end of the games, making the audience lose interest in the outcome of the remaining matches.
To cope with this situation, the competition was split into two phases: a "final round" was introduced, consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals and finals. Since its creation in 1972, this new system has become the standard for the volleyball Olympic tournament, and is usually referred to as the "Olympic format".
The number of teams involved in the games has grown steadily since 1964. Since 1996, both men's and women's indoor events count 12 participant nations. Each of the five continental volleyball confederations has at least one affiliated national federation involved in the Olympic Games.
Beach volleyball was a demonstration sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics, and was introduced as an official Olympic event in 1996. A total of 24 teams participate in each beach volleyball Olympic tournament. Teams qualify on the basis of their performance in FIVB events over the course of approximately 18 months leading up to the Olympics. There is a limit of two teams per country, and one spot each is reserved for the host country and a randomly chosen wildcard country. In the event that any continent is not represented, the highest ranked team from that continent qualifies for the tournament.
The first two editions of the volleyball Olympic tournament were won by the Soviet Union. Third in 1964 and runner-up in 1968, Japan won gold in 1972. In 1976, the introduction of a new offensive skill, the back row attack, helped Poland win the competition over the Soviets in a very tight five-setter.
In 1980, many of the strongest teams in men's volleyball belonged to the Eastern Bloc, so the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics did not have as great an effect on these events as it had on the women's. The USSR collected their third Olympic gold medal with a 3-1 victory over Bulgaria.
With a Soviet-led boycott in 1984, the United States confirmed their new volleyball leadership in the Western World by sweeping smoothly over Brazil at the finals. In that edition a minor nation, Italy, won its first medal, but Italy would rise to prominence in volleyball in later years.
A long-awaited confrontation between the western and eastern volleyball leaders came in 1988: powerplayers Karch Kiraly and Steve Timmons pushed the USA to a second gold medal setting the issue in favor of the Americans.
In 1992, Brazil upset favorites Unified Team, Netherlands, and Italy for a first Olympic championship. Runner-up Netherlands, with Ron Zwerver and Olof van der Meulen, came back in the following edition for a five-set win, again over Italy. In spite of their success in other competitions, Italy did not fare well at the Olympics. After winning bronze in 1996, Serbia and Montenegro, led by Vladimir and Nikola Grbić, beat Russia at the finals in 2000 to secure the gold (in 1996 and 2000 they played under the name Federal Republic of Yugoslavia).
In 2004, Brazil beat Italy in the final, adding a second gold medal to its record and confirming its role as a superpower of 2000s.
In 2008, United States beat Brazil in the final, winning the third gold medal. Russia won the bronze for the second time.
Gold medals seem more evenly distributed in men's volleyball than in women's: United States and the former Soviet Union have three; and Brazil, two; the remaining four editions of the Volleyball Olympic Tournament were won each by a different country. The remaining major force, Italy, is runner-up to the USSR in total number of medals, but still lacks a gold medal.
The opening edition of the volleyball Olympic tournament, in 1964, was won by Japan, the host nation. There followed two victories in a row by the Soviet Union, in 1968 and 1972. Japan came back again in 1976 for one last Olympic gold before losing the status of volleyball superpower.
The American-led boycott of the 1980 Games left many strong volleyball nations like Japan and South Korea out of the games. As a result, the USSR easily secured a third Olympic gold medal.
In 1984, the Eastern bloc was, in its turn, boycotting the games, and once more many strong volleyball nations like the USSR, East Germany and Cuba did not participate. In spite of this, and much to the distress of local fans, host nation USA lost the finals in straight sets to a communist nation, China. With eastern and western nations again involved in the Olympics, the USSR obtained a remarkable victory over Peru after trailing 0-2 in 1988's finals. This was the most dramatic female match according to the official FIVB's first century tape. However, the 1988 games were marred by the boycott of Cuba.
1992 saw a new force go down in Olympic history: organized under the name Unified Team, the remnants of former Soviet Union went as far as the finals, but did not resist the power play of the young, rising Cuban squad. Led by superstars Mireya Luis and Regla Torres, Cuba would eventually set the record for consecutive wins in the Olympic Games by also taking the gold in 1996 and 2000.
In 2004, the winner was once again China. Second was Russia who beat Brazil in a very tough semifinal match.
In 2008, Brazil finally won the gold, beating the United States. China won the bronze.
The twelve editions of the Volleyball Olympic Tournament were won by only five different countries: Brazil, Soviet Union, Cuba, China and Japan.
Men's beach volleyball was added to the Olympics in the 1996 Atlanta games. On Atlanta, US's Kiraly/Steffes won gold, beating US's Dodd/Whitmarsh who took silver. Canada's Child/Heese took bronze.
In the 2000 Sydney Olympic games, US's Blanton/Fonoimoana took gold beating Brazil's Zé Marco/Ricardo who took silver, Germany's Ahmann/Hager won bronze.
In the 2004 Athens Olympic games, Brazil's Santos/Rego took gold defeating Spain's Bosma/Herrera, who took silver. Switzerland's Kobel/Heuscher beat out the tough Australian team of Prosser/Williams for bronze.
In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, US's Dalhausser/Rogers took gold defeating Brazil's Fábio Luiz/Márcio Araújo, who took silver. Brazil's Ricardo Santos/Emanuel Rego won the bronze.
Women's beach volleyball was added to the Olympics in the 1996 Atlanta games. In Atlanta, Brazil's Pires/Silva won gold, Brazil's Rodrigues/Samuel won silver, and Australia's Cook/Pottharst won bronze.
In the 2000 Sydney Olympic games, as expected Australia's Cook/Pottharst (Atlanta's Bronze medalists) won gold, Brazil's Bede/Behar won silver, and Brazil's Pires/Samuel (Atlanta's gold and silver medalists) won bronze.
In the 2004 Athens Olympic games, as expected US's Walsh/May won gold, Brazil's Bede/Behar took silver for the second Olympics, US's McPeak/Youngs took bronze, beating out Australia's team of Cook/Sanderson in a close fought match.
In the 2008 Beijing Olympic games, US's Walsh/May-Treanor won gold, China's Wang/Tian won silver, and China's Zhang/Xue took bronze.
The volleyball Olympic tournament has a very stable competition formula. The following rules apply:
Year | Host | Gold medal match | Bronze medal match | ||||||
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Champions | Score | Runners-up | 3rd place | Score | 4th place | ||||
1964 Details |
Tokyo |
Soviet Union |
[note 1] | Czechoslovakia |
Japan |
[note 1] | Romania |
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1968 Details |
Mexico City |
Soviet Union |
[note 1] | Japan |
Czechoslovakia |
[note 1] | East Germany |
||
1972 Details |
Munich |
Japan |
3–1 | East Germany |
Soviet Union |
3–0 | Bulgaria |
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1976 Details |
Montreal |
Poland |
3–2 | Soviet Union |
Cuba |
3–0 | Japan |
||
1980 Details |
Moscow |
Soviet Union |
3–1 | Bulgaria |
Romania |
3–1 | Poland |
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1984 Details |
Los Angeles |
United States |
3–0 | Brazil |
Italy |
3–0 | Canada |
||
1988 Details |
Seoul |
United States |
3–1 | Soviet Union |
Argentina |
3–2 | Brazil |
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1992 Details |
Barcelona |
Brazil |
3–0 | Netherlands |
United States |
3–1 | Cuba |
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1996 Details |
Atlanta |
Netherlands |
3–2 | Italy |
Yugoslavia |
3–1 | Russia |
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2000 Details |
Sydney |
Yugoslavia |
3–0 | Russia |
Italy |
3–0 | Argentina |
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2004 Details |
Athens |
Brazil |
3–1 | Italy |
Russia |
3–0 | United States |
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2008 Details |
Beijing |
United States |
3–1 | Brazil |
Russia |
3–0 | Italy |
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2012 Details |
London |
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2016 Details |
Rio de Janeiro |
Year | Host | Gold medal match | Bronze medal match | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Champions | Score | Runners-up | 3rd place | Score | 4th place | ||||
1964 Details |
Tokyo |
Japan |
[note 1] | Soviet Union |
Poland |
[note 1] | Romania |
||
1968 Details |
Mexico City |
Soviet Union |
[note 1] | Japan |
Poland |
[note 1] | Peru |
||
1972 Details |
Munich |
Soviet Union |
3–2 | Japan |
North Korea |
3–0 | South Korea |
||
1976 Details |
Montreal |
Japan |
3–0 | Soviet Union |
South Korea |
3–1 | Hungary |
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1980 Details |
Moscow |
Soviet Union |
3–1 | East Germany |
Bulgaria |
3–2 | Hungary |
||
1984 Details |
Los Angeles |
China |
3–0 | United States |
Japan |
3–1 | Peru |
||
1988 Details |
Seoul |
Soviet Union |
3–2 | Peru |
China |
3–0 | Japan |
||
1992 Details |
Barcelona |
Cuba |
3–1 | Unified Team |
United States |
3–0 | Brazil |
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1996 Details |
Atlanta |
Cuba |
3–1 | China |
Brazil |
3–2 | Russia |
||
2000 Details |
Sydney |
Cuba |
3–2 | Russia |
Brazil |
3–0 | United States |
||
2004 Details |
Athens |
China |
3–2 | Russia |
Cuba |
3–1 | Brazil |
||
2008 Details |
Beijing |
Brazil |
3–1 | United States |
China |
3–1 | Cuba |
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2012 Details |
London |
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2016 Details |
Rio de Janeiro |
Men
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Women
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Year | Host | Gold medal match | Bronze medal match | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Champions | Score | Runners-up | 3rd place | Score | 4th place | ||||
1996 Details |
Atlanta |
Karch Kiraly & Kent Steffes |
2–0 | Michael Dodd & Mike Whitmarsh |
John Child & Mark Heese |
2–0 | João Brenha & Miguel Maia |
||
2000 Details |
Sydney |
Dain Blanton & Eric Fonoimoana |
2–0 | Zé Marco de Melo & Ricardo Santos |
Axel Hager & Jörg Ahmann |
2–0 | João Brenha & Miguel Maia |
||
2004 Details |
Athens |
Ricardo Santos & Emanuel Rego |
2–0 | Javier Bosma & Pablo Herrera |
Stefan Kobel & Patrick Heuscher |
2–1 | Julien Prosser & Mark Williams |
||
2008 Details |
Beijing |
Phil Dalhausser & Todd Rogers |
2–1 | Fábio Luiz & Márcio Araújo |
Ricardo Santos & Emanuel Rego |
2–0 | Renato "Geor" Gomes & Jorge "Gia" Terceiro |
||
2012 Details |
London |
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2016 Details |
Rio de Janeiro |
Year | Host | Gold medal match | Bronze medal match | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Champions | Score | Runners-up | 3rd place | Score | 4th place | ||||
1996 Details |
Atlanta |
Jackie Silva & Sandra Pires |
2–0 | Adriana Samuel & Mônica Rodrigues |
Natalie Cook & Kerri Pottharst |
2–0 | Barbra Fontana & Linda Hanley |
||
2000 Details |
Sydney |
Natalie Cook & Kerri Pottharst |
2–0 | Adriana Behar & Shelda Bede |
Adriana Samuel & Sandra Pires |
2–0 | Yukiko Takahashi & Mika Teru Saiki |
||
2004 Details |
Athens |
Kerri Walsh & Misty May-Treanor |
2–0 | Adriana Behar & Shelda Bede |
Holly McPeak & Elaine Youngs |
2–1 | Natalie Cook & Nicole Sanderson |
||
2008 Details |
Beijing |
Kerri Walsh & Misty May-Treanor |
2–0 | Tian Jia & Wang Jie |
Xue Chen & Zhang Xi |
2–0 | Renata Ribeiro & Talita Antunes |
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2012 Details |
London |
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2016 Details |
Rio de Janeiro |
Countries ranked by total medals won (beach and indoor, men's and women's).
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States | 8 | 3 | 3 | 14 |
2 | Soviet Union | 7 | 4 | 1 | 12 |
3 | Brazil | 5 | 7 | 4 | 16 |
4 | Japan | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
5 | Cuba | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
6 | China | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
7 | Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
8 | Poland | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
9 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Yugoslavia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
11 | Russia | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
12 | Italy | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
13 | East Germany | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
14 | Bulgaria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Czechoslovakia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
16 | Peru | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Spain | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Unified Team | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
19 | Argentina | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Canada | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Germany | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
North Korea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Romania | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
South Korea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Soviet Union | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
2 | United States | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
3 | Brazil | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
4 | Japan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
5 | Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
6 | Yugoslavia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
7 | Poland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
8 | Italy | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
9 | Russia | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
10 | Czechoslovakia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
11 | Bulgaria | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
East Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
13 | Argentina | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Cuba | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Romania | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Soviet Union | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
2 | Cuba | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
3 | Japan | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
4 | China | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
5 | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
6 | United States | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
7 | Russia | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
8 | East Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Peru | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Unified Team | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
11 | Poland | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
12 | Bulgaria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
North Korea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
South Korea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
2 | Brazil | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
3 | Spain | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Canada | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Germany | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
2 | Brazil | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
3 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
4 | China | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
The following tables shows the nations that have participated in Olympic volleyball. For each Games, the final rank of each team is shown, or left blank if the team did not participate in those Games. An equals sign in front of the rank indicates that more than one team tied for that rank. Light grey regions in the table indicate that the nation did not exist with that designation at that time. The right-hand column lists the number of times each country has participated in the Olympic volleyball tournament.
Nation | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Total |
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Algeria | 12 | 1 | |||||||||||
Argentina | 6 | 3 | 8 | 4 | =5 | 5 | |||||||
Australia | 8 | =11 | 2 | ||||||||||
Belgium | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||
Brazil | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 12 |
Bulgaria | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 7 | =5 | 7 | |||||
Canada | 9 | 4 | 10 | 3 | |||||||||
China | 7 | =5 | 2 | ||||||||||
Cuba | 10 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 6 | ||||||
Czechoslovakia | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 5 | |||||||
Egypt | WD | 10 | =11 | =11 | 4 | ||||||||
France | 8 | 11 | =9 | 3 | |||||||||
Germany | =9 | 1 | |||||||||||
East Germany | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
West Germany | 11 | 1 | |||||||||||
Greece | =5 | 1 | |||||||||||
Hungary | 6 | 1 | |||||||||||
Italy | 8 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | |||
Japan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | =11 | 8 | ||||
South Korea | 10 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 9 | =9 | =9 | 8 | ||||
Libya | 10 | 1 | |||||||||||
Mexico | 10 | 1 | |||||||||||
Netherlands | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | =9 | 6 | ||||||
Poland | 5 | 9 | 1 | 4 | =11 | =5 | =5 | 7 | |||||
Romania | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
Russia | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||
Serbia | =5 | 1 | |||||||||||
Serbia and Montenegro | =5 | 1 | |||||||||||
Soviet Union | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||||||
Spain | 8 | =9 | 2 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 7 | 1 | |||||||||||
Tunisia | 12 | 9 | 12 | =11 | =11 | 5 | |||||||
Unified Team | 7 | 1 | |||||||||||
United States | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 3 | =9 | =11 | 4 | 1 | 9 | |||
Venezuela | =9 | 1 | |||||||||||
Yugoslavia | 6 | 1 | |||||||||||
Yugoslavia | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
Total teams | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 124 |
Nation | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | =11 | 1 | |||||||||||
Australia | =9 | 1 | |||||||||||
Brazil | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | ||||
Bulgaria | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||
Canada | 8 | 8 | =9 | 3 | |||||||||
China | 1 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 7 | |||||
Croatia | 7 | 1 | |||||||||||
Cuba | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | ||||
Czechoslovakia | 6 | 7 | 2 | ||||||||||
Dominican Republic | =11 | 1 | |||||||||||
Germany | 8 | 6 | =9 | 3 | |||||||||
East Germany | 6 | 2 | 5 | 3 | |||||||||
West Germany | 8 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||||
Greece | =9 | 1 | |||||||||||
Hungary | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
Italy | =9 | =5 | =5 | 3 | |||||||||
Japan | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | =9 | =5 | =5 | 10 | ||
Kazakhstan | =9 | 1 | |||||||||||
Kenya | =11 | =11 | 2 | ||||||||||
North Korea | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||
South Korea | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | =5 | 9 | |||
Mexico | 7 | 1 | |||||||||||
Netherlands | 6 | 5 | 2 | ||||||||||
Peru | 4 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | =11 | =11 | 7 | |||||
Poland | 3 | 3 | =9 | 3 | |||||||||
Romania | 4 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||
Russia | 4 | 2 | 2 | =5 | 3 | ||||||||
Serbia | =5 | 1 | |||||||||||
Spain | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||
Soviet Union | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||||||
Ukraine | =11 | 1 | |||||||||||
Unified Team | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||
United States | 5 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 4 | =5 | 2 | 9 | |||
Venezuela | =11 | 1 | |||||||||||
Total teams | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
Angola | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19th | 1 |
Argentina | - | 14th | - | 9th | - | 9th | - | 19th | 4 |
- | - | - | 19th | - | - | - | - | ||
Australia | 3rd | 9th | 1st | 9th | 4th | 4th | 5th | 9th | 4 |
7th | - | 5th | 17th | 9th | 9th | - | - | ||
- | - | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Austria | - | - | - | 9th | - | 17th | 5th | 5th | 3 |
- | - | - | - | - | 19th | - | 9th | ||
Brazil | 1st | 9th | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 1st | 4th | 2nd | 4 |
2nd | 9th | 3rd | 9th | 5th | 9th | 5th | 3rd | ||
Belgium | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9th | - | 1 |
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
Bulgaria | - | - | 17th | - | 9th | - | - | - | 2 |
Canada | 17th | 3rd | - | 5th | 5th | 5th | - | - | 3 |
- | 17th | - | 9th | - | - | - | - | ||
China | - | - | 9th | - | 9th | - | 2nd | 9th | 3 |
- | - | 17th | - | 19th | - | 3rd | - | ||
Cuba | - | 7th | 9th | - | 9th | 17th | 9th | - | 4 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 9th | - | ||
Czech Republic | - | 14th | 9th | 17th | 9th | - | - | - | 3 |
- | - | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Estonia | - | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | 19th | 2 |
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
France | 13th | 14th | 9th | 19th | - | 19th | - | - | 3 |
Georgia | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17th | 4th | 1 |
Germany | 7th | 9th | 9th | 3rd | 5th | 5th | 9th | 5th | 4 |
- | - | 9th | 19th | 9th | 9th | 9th | 19th | ||
Great Britain | 9th | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Greece | - | - | 17th | - | 9th | 19th | 9th | - | 3 |
- | - | - | - | 9th | - | 19th | - | ||
Indonesia | 13th | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
Italy | 13th | 14th | 5th | 19th | 5th | - | - | 19th | 4 |
- | - | 9th | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Japan | 5th | 17th | 4th | - | 17th | - | 19th | 9th | 4 |
9th | - | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Latvia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9th | 1 |
Mexico | 17th | - | 17th | 9th | 19th | - | 17th | - | 4 |
Netherlands | 13th | 17th | 17th | - | 19th | - | 19th | 5th | 4 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17th | ||
Norway | 9th | 7th | - | 9th | 17th | 9th | 9th | 19th | 4 |
- | - | - | 19th | 19th | 19th | 9th | - | ||
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
New Zealand | - | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Portugal | - | 4th | 9th | 4th | - | 9th | - | - | 3 |
Puerto Rico | - | - | - | - | - | 19th | - | - | 1 |
Russia | - | - | - | 9th | - | - | 19th | 9th | 2 |
South Africa | - | - | - | - | 19th | 9th | 19th | - | 2 |
Spain | - | 5th | - | 5th | - | 2nd | - | 9th | 4 |
- | 17th | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Nation | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | Years | ||||
W | M | W | M | W | M | W | M | ||
Switzerland | - | - | - | 5th | 19th | 3rd | 19th | 9th | 3 |
- | - | - | - | - | 5th | - | 17th | ||
Sweden | - | 17th | - | 19th | - | 9th | - | - | 3 |
United States | 4th | 1st | 5th | 1st | 1st | 5th | 1st | 1st | 4 |
5th | 2nd | 5th | 5th | 3rd | 19th | 5th | 5th | ||
9th | 5th | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Nations | 21 | 23 | 24 | 23 |
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